Ian Bronson
Northern Snakeheads are silently spreading across America’s waterways. This invasive fish multiplies rapidly and survives harsh conditions, causing native species to vanish at an alarming rate. Here are 10 important facts you need to know about this growing ecological threat.
They Breathe Air Like Amphibians
Ever seen a fish cross a road? Northern Snakeheads can do just that, especially during rainy seasons. Thanks to a special organ, they breathe air just like frogs. If their skin stays moist, they’ll survive up to four days out of water. Their slithering, snake-like movements make them even more shocking.
Their Diet Includes Full-Grown Birds
Northern Snakeheads have been documented ambushing birds near shorelines. Small waterfowl, including ducklings, are frequently targeted. These predatory fish use stealth followed by rapid strikes to capture prey above water. A sharp dental structure allows the consumption of animals that most fish species would not be able to handle.
They Spawn Multiple Times A Year
Northern Snakeheads can spawn five times per year. Each female lays up to 15,000 eggs per breeding cycle. The floating nests are actively protected by both parents, increasing offspring survival. Such high reproductive rates contribute significantly to population explosions and ecological displacement across affected U.S. waterways.
Highly Aggressive Toward Native Species
One species can reshape a system. Bass and even frogs stand little chance. Within months, entire ponds fall under the control of a more aggressive predator. Biologists have watched native numbers collapse. The faster the intervention begins, the better the odds of restoring balance where it once thrived.
Can Travel Over A Quarter-Mile On Land
Northern Snakeheads can move up to 400 meters on land between bodies of water. Strong muscles and gills allow survival outside water during short-term migrations. This movement, often at night or in wet conditions, helps colonize remote creeks and wetlands, contributing to rapid ecological spread across vulnerable freshwater habitats.
Top-Level Predator With A Few Natural Enemies
After introduction into freshwater habitats, Northern Snakeheads rapidly become top predators. Native species typically fail to compete with or prey upon them. Even some adult alligators avoid confrontation. The resulting disruption destabilizes food webs across entire ecosystems, leading to long-term ecological imbalance in ponds, creeks, and rivers where populations take hold.
Some Grow Over Three Feet Long
This predator can grow to nearly 3.5 feet in length and weigh over 15 pounds, becoming a powerful presence in freshwater environments. Local wildlife typically steers clear to avoid conflict. Anglers who catch large individuals often experience aggressive behavior.
First U.S. Sightings Came From Maryland In 2002
The first confirmed sighting of this species in the U.S. was in a pond in Crofton, Maryland, in 2002. At first, local anglers thought it was a native fish. After identifying the invasive species, authorities treated the pond to remove it. Anglers are urged to report any unusual catches to prevent similar environmental problems.
Now Confirmed In At Least Nine States
The northern snakehead has now taken hold in lakes and rivers across nine U.S. states, such as New York, Maryland, and California. In some places, officials have posted “Kill on Sight” warnings. Its spread continues, often fueled by human actions like illegally releasing live fish from markets into local waterways.
Illegal To Possess In Most U.S. States
Federal law prohibits transporting live snakeheads across state lines. Many states also ban their possession, sale, or release. Breaking these laws may result in penalties such as fines or imprisonment. Despite these regulations, illegal releases from aquariums still happen.
